4 Wheel Drive of Hydraulic Manual and Automatic Transmission

ABSTRACT

Disclosed is a 4-wheel drive of hydraulic manual and automatic transmission of a vehicle running on a road by transmitting rotational engine force to rear wheels, which allows manual or automatic gear shifting using hydraulic rotary machines rotating a main shaft by hydraulic pressure and hydraulic rotary machines independently installed to each wheel and allows to drive 4-wheels including front wheels whitout use of a differential gear. A transmission control panel that is installed to a center portion of a steering wheel and acts as a manual and automatictransmission causing instant gear shifting without a differential gear or a clutch by manipulating a transmission level and a transmission switch in a convenient and easy way. A switch device having many switches concentrated on the fixed center portion of a steering wheel to allow a user to rapidly turn on or off the switch buttons during stopping or running.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a 4 wheel drive of hydraulic manual andautomatic transmission of a vehicle running on a road by transmittingrotational force of an engine to rear wheels, which allows manual orautomatic gear shifting using a hydraulic rotary machine rotating a mainshaft by hydraulic pressure and a hydraulic rotary machine independentlyinstalled to each wheel and allows to drive 4 wheels including frontwheels without use of a differential gear.

The present invention also relates to a transmission control panel thatis installed to a center portion of a steering wheel and acts as amanual and automatic transmission causing instant gear shifting withouta differential gear or a clutch by manipulating a transmission lever anda transmission switch in a convenient and easy way.

In addition, the present invention relates to a switch device havingmany switches concentrated on the fixed center portion of a steeringwheel to allow a user to rapidly turn on or off the switch buttonsduring stopping or running.

BACKGROUND ART

A transmission used in the conventional vehicle changes arrangement ofgear rows according to a running speed of the vehicle to shift gears.This transmission may be classified into a manual type and an automatictype according to the fact that such shift of gear row is performedmanually or automatically using hydraulic pressure.

The manual transmission is inconvenient since gears should be shifted bymanually manipulating a transmission lever to give a rotational numbersuitable for the speed of the vehicle, ensures reliable gear shiftingand thus a good fuel consumption ratio. The automatic transmission hasno inconvenience to shift gears according to the speed of vehicle, butits complex configuration causes high price and frequent malfunctions.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

Technical Problem

The present invention is directed to transmitting a rotational force ofan engine to wheels via a main shaft, wherein a hydraulic rotary machineis provided in multi layers to the main shaft so that a rotary pumpdriven by the rotational force of the engine may automatically select tointroduce a liquid pressed by the pump into the multi-layer hydraulicrotary machine, thereby enabling automatic change of the rotationalforce of the engine and thus shifting the rotational speed of the mainshaft.

Technical Solution

In order to accomplish the above object, the present invention providesa 4-wheel drive, which includes a rotary pump receiving rotating powerof an engine and discharging a pressed liquid, wherein a plurality ofhydraulic rotary machines are installed to a main shaft in parallel sothat the hydraulic rotary machines may rotate the main shaft when thepressed liquid is supplied, wherein a pipe is connected to the hydraulicrotary machines to supply and recover the pressed liquid, wherein liquidselection valves are installed to the pipe to select flow of liquidintroduced from the rotary pump to the hydraulic rotary machines orrecovered from the hydraulic rotary machines to the rotary pump, whereinan electronic control device is provided to sense hydraulic pressure inthe pipe and manual manipulation of a transmission lever so as to openor close the selection valves.

In addition, in the present invention, a transmission control panel isinstalled to a fixed center portion of a steering wheel so that anelectronic control device may instantly recognize manipulation of thetransmission lever and the transmission switches to ensure rapidtransmission.

In addition, in the present invention, many switches are concentrated onthe fixed center portion of the steering wheel so that a user maymanipulate the switches in a convenient and easy way during rapidrunning.

In addition, the present invention provides a steering device in whichthe steering wheel may rotate freely though its center portion is fixed.

That is to say, in the present invention, the hydraulic rotary machinesare installed to the main shaft in multi stages so that a rotationalspeed of the main shaft may change according to operation of thehydraulic rotary machines, wherein the hydraulic rotary machines areoperated by means of supply of the liquid pressed by the rotary pump,wherein movement of liquid introduced from the rotary pump to thehydraulic rotary machines are controlled by the liquid selection valvescontrolled by the electronic control device to shift gears.

In addition, in the present invention, the transmission control panel isinstalled to the fixed center portion of the steering wheel andconnected to the electronic control device to ensure convenient andrapid transmission, and many switches are concentrated on the centerportion of the steering wheel so that a user may easily and rapidly turnon or off the switches even in rapid running at night.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a 4-wheel drive according tothe present invention in an idle state;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a 4-wheel drive according tothe present invention, shifted to a first forward stage;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a 4-wheel drive according tothe present invention, shifted to a first reverse stage;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a 4-wheel drive according tothe present invention, shifted to a second forward stage;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a 4-wheel drive according tothe present invention, shifted to a third forward stage;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a 4-wheel drive according tothe present invention, shifted to a fourth forward stage;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a 4-wheel drive according tothe present invention, shifted to a fifth forward stage;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating operation of a brake duringrunning in a neutral state;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a 4-wheel drive according tothe present invention, in an idle state during rearward running;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a 4-wheel drive according tothe present invention when an engine stops for stoppage or parking;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating operation of a transmissioncontrol hydraulic pressure gauge according to the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of a rotarypump and a hydraulic rotary machine according to the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operating state of therotary pump and the hydraulic rotary machine according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operating state of therotary pump according to the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operating state of thehydraulic rotary machine according to the present invention;

FIGS. 16, 17 and 18 are schematic diagrams illustrating a driving shaftand a power transmission state according to an embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing a transmission lever according tothe present invention;

FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of the brakeduring running, in a neutral state;

FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operating state of aselection valve during parking when the engine stops in the presentinvention;

FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram illustrating a 4-wheel drive according tothe present invention in a neutral state;

FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram showing a 4-wheel drive when a rearwardrunning selection valve of the present invention;

FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram illustrating a 4-wheel drive in a neutralstate during running;

FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram illustrating a 4-wheel drive according tothe present invention in a high-stage shifting neutral state duringrunning;

FIG. 26 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a neutral position according to thepresent invention;

FIG. 27 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a rearward transmission positionaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 28 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a first-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 29 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a second-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 30 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a third-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 31 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a fourth-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 32 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a fifth-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 33 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a high-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention, in a neutral state;

FIG. 34 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in an idle state;

FIG. 35 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a first forward stage;

FIG. 36 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a first rearward stage;

FIG. 37 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a second forward stage;

FIG. 38 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a third forward stage;

FIG. 39 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a fourth forward stage;

FIG. 40 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a fifth forward stage;

FIG. 41 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a sixth forward stage;

FIG. 42 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a seventh forward stage;

FIG. 43 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a eighth forward stage;

FIG. 44 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a ninth forward stage;

FIG. 45 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a tenth forward stage;

FIG. 46 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a eleventh forward stage;

FIG. 47 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a twelfth forward stage;

FIG. 48 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a thirteenth forward stage;

FIG. 49 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a fourteenth forward stage;

FIG. 50 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a fifteenth forward stage;

FIG. 51 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention when a brake is in operation duringrunning (in a neutral state);

FIG. 52 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in an idle state during rearwardrunning;

FIG. 53 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention when an engine stops for stoppage orparking;

FIG. 54 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a neutral state;

FIG. 55 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention when a rearward running selectionbutton is selected;

FIG. 56 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a neutral state during running;

FIG. 57 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a high-stage transmission neutralstate during running;

FIG. 58 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a neutral position according to thepresent invention;

FIG. 59 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a rearward transmission positionaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 60 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a first-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 61 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a second-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 62 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a third-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 63 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a fourth-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 64 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a fifth-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 65 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a sixth-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 66 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a seventh-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 67 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a eighth-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 68 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a ninth-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 69 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a tenth-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 70 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a eleventh-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 71 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a twelfth-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 72 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a thirteenth-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 73 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a fourteenth-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 74 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a fifteenth-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 75 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a high-stage transmission neutralposition according to the present invention;

FIG. 76 is a schematic view showing a handle according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 77 is a schematic view showing a central portion of the handleaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 78 is a perspective view showing a steering device according to thepresent invention;

FIG. 79 is a side view showing relationship between a fixed centralextension shaft of the steering wheel and a rotary shaft of the steeringwheel of the steering device according to the present invention;

FIG. 80 shows a steering device according to another embodiment of thepresent invention; and

FIG. 81 shows overall configuration of the brake device according to thepresent invention.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

A 4-wheel drive of the present invention includes rotary pumps 31, 58receiving engine output of a vehicle via a shaft 100 a to rotate arotator 201 for pressing and supplying liquid to pipes 30, 28, 29, 41,and recovering the liquid passing through the pipes 30, 28, 29, 41; amain shaft 100 for transmitting power to front and rear wheels; aplurality of hydraulic rotary machines 32-36, 75-78 coupled to the mainshaft 100 in multi stages to rotate the main shaft 100 by means ofhydraulic pressure; pipes 30, 28, 29, 41 for supplying and recoveringliquid pressed in the rotary pumps 31, 58 to/from the hydraulic rotarymachines 32-36, 75-78; a plurality of selection valves 1-16, 6 a-15 a,37-40 installed to the pipes 30, 28, 29, 41 to open or close liquidsupply to the hydraulic rotary machines 32-36, 75-78; and an electroniccontrol device for opening or closing the selection valves 1-16, 6 a-15a, 37-40 by sensing discharged hydraulic pressure of the rotary pumps31, 58 or shifting of a transmission lever 160 so as to give optimumpower transmission.

Here, since the hydraulic rotary machines 75-78 are rotated by means ofthe liquid supplied from the rotary pump 58 that presses and dischargesliquid by means of rotating power of the main shaft 100, front wheelshafts 106, 107 and rear wheel shafts 108, 109 are rotated.

In the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 8, if the rotary pump31 is rotated by a shaft 100 a connected to an engine (not shown), themain shaft 100 coupled to the hydraulic rotary machines 32-36 isrotated. Then, the rotary pump 58 installed to a distal portion of themain shaft 100 is rotated, so the compressed liquid rotates thehydraulic rotary machines 75-78 installed to the front wheel shafts 106,107 and the rear wheel shafts 108, 109, and thus front wheels 73, 74 andrear wheels 71, 72, thereby driving the vehicle in a 4-wheel drivingway.

At this time, since the hydraulic rotary machines 75-78 are respectivelyinstalled to the front wheel shafts 106, 107 and the rear wheel shafts108, 109, there is no need of a differential gear, and forward andrearward running may be selected according to an opening direction ofthe selection valves 1-16, 37-40.

Meanwhile, in the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 10 and 20 to23, the 4-wheel rotary pump 58 is installed to the rear end of the mainshaft 100 and the hydraulic rotary machines 77, 78 are mounted to thefront wheel shafts 106, 107 for rotating the front wheel shafts. Inaddition, the hydraulic rotary machines 75, 76 are mounted to the rearwheel shafts 108, 109 for rotating the rear wheel shafts. Thus, when thepressed liquid is supplied from the rotary pump 58, the hydraulic rotarymachines 75-78 are rotated to rotate the front wheels 73, 74 and therear wheels 71, 72.

In addition, between the rotary pump 58 and the hydraulic rotarymachines 75-78, the pipes 28, 29 for supplying and recovering liquid andthe selection valves 37-40 for selecting front or rear wheel driving byregulating liquid flow by control of the electronic control device areinstalled.

At this time, the wheels may have different rotational speeds during the4-wheel driving, and thus rotating speed of the hydraulic rotarymachines 75-78 may have be different from each other. However, thepressed liquid extruded from one rotary pump 58 is supplied to allhydraulic rotary machines 75-78 by means of one pipe 28 or 29. Thus, inspite of different rotational speeds of the front and rear wheel shafts,the pressed liquid extruded from the rotary pump 58 is distributed toeach hydraulic rotary machine 75-78 installed to each shaft suitablytherefore and makes each of the front and rear wheel shafts rotated.

By using this configuration, the 4-wheel drive of the present inventionmay perfectly carry out the function of a differential gear under anyrunning conditions.

In the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the rotary pumps31, 58 presses and discharges liquid by rotation of the rotator 201 towhich a wing 52 is coupled by means of a shaft 100 a transmittingrotating force of the engine and also inhales liquid passing through thehydraulic rotary machines 32-36, 75-78. The hydraulic rotary machines32-36, 75-78 rotates the rotator 201 coupled to the wing 52 by means ofthe liquid pressed by the rotary pumps 31, 58 and thereby rotates themain shaft 100. Thus, the rotator 201 is rotated by means of rotation ofthe rotator 201 to which the wing 52 is coupled.

In addition, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 18, the mainshaft 100 rotated by the hydraulic rotary machines 32-36 is configuredusing a cylindrical rod to pass through the hydraulic rotary machines32-36, so ring-shaped bushings are inserted to both walls of eachhydraulic rotary machine, and the wing 52 should be inserted to the mainshaft 100. At this time, one of all wings 52 should be firmly fixed tothe main shaft 100, not to move.

At this time, another wing 52 should not be fixed to the main shaft 100because a mutual angle of the wings 52 is frequently changed when thewings 52 rotates in the cylinder 200.

At this time, a tooth groove 100 b′ is formed in the inner ring-shapedside of one wing 52 so as to be engaged with a tooth 100 b of the mainshaft 100, and a circular groove 100′, not a tooth, is formed in a ringof the other wing 52 to be engaged out of the tooth 100 b.

Thus, one wing 52 is fixed by means of the tooth groove 100 b′ and thetooth 100 b, and the other wing 52 is not fixed to change its angle bymeans of the circular groove 100′.

In addition, as an alternative, the wing 52 may be fixed to the mainshaft 100 in the following way.

That is to say, teeth are formed in the inner side of one wing 52 in alldirections so as to be engaged with tooth grooves formed in the mainshaft 100 in all directions, while a circular groove is formed in theother wing 52 without any tooth or tooth groove so that the other wing52 is coupled out of the main shaft 100 to be freely rotatable.

In addition, in the present invention, a space (A) is formed in an upperportion of the cylinder 200 so that liquid is not compressed in thespace (A) but discharged out to ensure normal rotation though the wing52 is rotated close to the inner wall of the cylinder 200. An angle ofthe wing 52 is selected so that the wing 52 may contact with lower endsof an inlet hole 206 and an outlet hole 205.

The rotary pumps 31, 58 press liquid by rotating the shaft 100 a andthus rotating the wing 52. The hydraulic rotary machines 32-36, 75-78introduce the pressed liquid to rotate the wing 52, thereby rotating theshaft 100. Thus, the space (A) is formed to solve the problem that, whenthe wing 52 is rotating, the liquid is compressed in the cylinder 200above the outlet hole 205 by means of the wing 52 to hinder rotation ofthe wing 52.

That is to say, since liquid for forming the space (A) is not compressedwhen the rotary pumps 31, 58 and the wing 52 of the hydraulic rotarymachines 32-36, 75-78 are rotated in a clockwise direction, there is noproblem in normal rotation.

In addition, as shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the hydraulic rotary machines32-36, 75-78 may be independently configured and connected in series. Atthis time, power transmission is all transmitted to the main shaft 100.

That is to say, if the hydraulic rotary machines 32-36, 75-78 areconfigured independently, the multi-stage structure may be realized in asimple way, and careful attention is not needed for sealing of eachhydraulic rotary machine. In addition, it is possible to control thenumber of hydraulic rotary machines 32-36, 75-78.

The rotary pumps 31, 58 of the present invention are configured as shownin FIG. 14 so that, when the rotator 201 is rotated due to rotation ofthe shaft 100 a connected to the engine, a perfect circular front end ofthe wing 52 installed using sliding material to the rotator 201 by meansof a wing hole 204 is rotated in close contact with the inner wall ofthe perfect circular cylinder to inhale liquid through the inlet hole206 and discharge the pressed liquid through the outlet hole 205. Inaddition, linings 203, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227 areelastically inserted to the front end of the wing 52 and the both sidesof the rotator 201 by means of a spring 177 (or, a spring attached toeach lining). Thus, when the rotator 201 is rotating, the wing 52 closedadhered to the perfect circular front end of the rotator 201 and thewall of the cylinder 200 is rotated to make the perfect circular outerwall of the rotator 201 closely contacted with the inner wall of theperfect circular cylinder 200, thereby pressing and discharging liquid.

In addition, the linings 203, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227 aremounted to all rotary pumps and all hydraulic rotary machines, includingthe above.

Here, the wing 52 coupled to the rotator 201 may easily rotate if thewing 52 has an angle out of the wing hole 204 with respect to therotator 201.

In addition, the hydraulic rotary machines 32-36, 75-78 of the presentinvention rotates the main shaft 100 by rotating the rotator 201 likethe rotary pumps 31, 58 as shown in FIG. 15. The rotary pumps 31, 58play a role of pressing liquid by external power of a vehicle engine anddischarging the liquid, and it is different only on this point that thehydraulic rotary machines 32-36, 75-78 rotates the rotator 101 using thehydraulic pressure increased by the rotary pump 31, 58 so that the mainshaft 100.

In addition, while the engine is operating, the rotary pumps 31, 58continuously press and discharge liquid and also recover liquid from thehydraulic rotary machines 32-36, 75-78 as much as discharged. Inaddition, the hydraulic rotary machines 32-36, 75-78 rotate the mainshaft 100 and the front and rear wheel shafts 106-109 only when theliquid pressed by the rotary pump 31, 58 is introduced, and does notgive any force to the main shaft 100 and the front and rear wheel shafts106-109 if the pressed liquid is not supplied thereto, thereby makingthe main shaft 100 and the front and rear wheel shafts 106-109 be idle.It is difference between the rotary pumps 31, 58 and the hydraulicrotary machines 32-36, 75-78.

Meanwhile, as shown in FIG. 18 in the present invention, the wing hole204 into which the wing 52 made of sliding material is inserted couplesa support 204 a into cover plates 200 a, 200 b of the cylinder 200 sothat the wing 52 is closely adhered to the inner wall of the cylinder200 not to leak liquid through a gap and also so as to facilitatemovement. In addition, it stabilizes movement of the wing 52 to preventthe generation of breakdown and also presses liquid to be dischargedout.

In the present invention as mentioned above, in FIG. 18, the support 204a is coupled to the left cover plate 200 a, the wing 52 and the shaft100 are coupled in the cylinder 200, and then the cover plate 200 b intowhich the support 204 a is inserted is coupled at the right, therebycompleting assembling.

The liquid selection valves 1-16, 6 a-15 a, 37-40 of the presentinvention select opening or closing by means of an electric signalapplied from the electronic control device. By means of the electroniccontrol device, as a moving body 61 of a transmission control oilpressure gauge 60 shown in FIG. 11 is moved according to interiorhydraulic pressure, a contact point 62 is selected to open or close theselection valves 1-16, 6 a-15 a, 37-40. In addition, as the transmissionlever 160 shown in FIG. 19 is manually moved, the selection valves 1-16,6 a-15 a, 37-40 are opened or closed. In addition, the selection valves1-16, 6 a-15 a, 37-40 are opened or closed by recognition of change ofcontact points 62, 63 of the transmission control oil pressure gauge 60and movement of the transmission lever 160.

In the present invention, a liquid supplement chamber 70 is installed soas to store and supplement liquid in case liquid passing in the pipes28, 29, 30, 41 is in surplus or shortage.

The transmission lever 160 acts as a manual transmission when the lever160 is moved as shown in FIG. 19. The manual transmission using thetransmission lever 160 is activated only when a manual selection button161 installed thereabove is pressed, and in other cases the automatictransmission is used. A rearward running selection button 162 isinstalled to the side of the transmission lever 162. In case of rearwardrunning, a user presses the rearward running selection button 162 andthen moves the transmission lever 160 to a rearward running position ofthe transmission control panel 190.

At this time, once pressed, the manual selection button 161 and therearward running selection button 162 keep the pressed state to ensurethe selection of manual transmission and rearward running. These buttons161, 162 are released if pressed once more, and moved to their originalpositions.

In this configuration, the rotary pump 31 of the present invention isdirectly connected to the vehicle engine and the shaft 100 a, so, if avehicle is starting, the rotary pump 31 is rotated to press anddischarge liquid. The rotary pump 31 stops only when the engine stops.

In the automatic transmission state, if a main key of the vehicle istaken out from a key box, all selection valves are released in anyevent, and accordingly the engine stops, the rotary pumps and hydraulicrotary machines completely stop, and thus the car is stopped.

However, in the manual transmissions state, according to positions ofthe transmission lever and the selection buttons, correspondingselection valve is opened or closed.

Now, an idle state when the rotary pump 31 is driven by starting theengine is described.

The idle state corresponds to an initial state, so the selection valves1, 4, 6, 7, 37-40 are closed and the selection valves 2, 3, 5, 8-16 areopened, as shown in FIG. 1.

Then, the liquid pressed by the rotary pump 31 repeats flowing throughthe selection valves 2, 3, 5 and returning to the rotary pump 31 asindicated by arrows in the figure. Thus, introduction of liquid into thehydraulic rotary machines 32-36 is completely prevented, and the mainshaft 100 is not rotated and the vehicle keeps a stopped state.

That is to say, it is identical to the state that a vehicle is notmoving when an engine is started with the gear in a neutral state.

In the idle state for advancing as shown in FIG. 1, the selection valves2, 3, 5, 8-16, 37-40 are opened and the selection valves 1, 4, 6, 7 areclosed, and the vehicle is not operated in a completely stopped state.

If it becomes a first-stage transmission, as shown in FIG. 2, theselection valves 2, 3, 6-15, 39, 40 are opened and the selection valves1, 4, 5, 16, 37, 38 are closed, and accordingly the liquid pressed bythe rotary pump 31 is flowed as indicated by arrows in the figure.

Thus, the hydraulic rotary machines 32-36 installed in multi stagesrotate the interior rotator 201 by means of increased hydraulic pressuresupplied from the rotary pump 31. If the rotator 201 is rotated, themain shaft 100 is also rotated. If the main shaft 100 is rotated, therotary pump 58 installed to the rear end of the main shaft 100 isrotated to supply the pressed liquid to the hydraulic rotary machines75-78 installed to the front and rear wheel shafts 106-109. Thus, thehydraulic rotary machines 75-78 rotates the front and rear wheel shafts106-109, thereby making the vehicle advancing.

At this time, it is impossible that all of the hydraulic rotary machines32-36, 75-78 are operated to drive the main shaft 100 rapidly by thehydraulic pressure increased by the rotary pump 31, but since thehydraulic rotary machines 32-36 are all operated, a driving forcerequired for the vehicle is greatly transmitted.

As shown in FIG. 3, at a first rearward transmission as shown in FIG. 3,the selection valves 1, 4, 6-15, 39, 40 are opened and the selectionvalves 2, 3, 5, 16, 37, 38 are closed.

Then, the liquid pressed in the rotary pump 31 flows in a directionopposite to the case of the first-stage driving shown in FIG. 2.Accordingly the hydraulic rotary machines 32-36 installed in multistages inversely rotate the rotator 201 due to hydraulic pressuresupplied from the rotary pump 31. Since the main shaft 100 is inverselyrotated as the rotator 201 is inversely rotated, the vehicle movesrearward with first rearward transmission.

As shown in FIG. 4, at the second-stage transmission, the selectionvalves 2-3, 6-13, 16, 39, 40 are opened and the selection valves 1, 4,5, 14, 15, 37, 38 are closed. At this time, operation of the main shaft100 is identical to the above description.

As shown in FIG. 5, at the third-stage transmission, the selectionvalves 2, 3, 6-11, 14-16, 39, 40 are opened and the selection valves 1,4, 5, 12, 13, 37, 38 are closed.

As shown in FIG. 6, at the fourth-stage transmission, the selectionvalves 2, 3, 6-9, 12-16, 39, 40 are opened and the selection valves 1,4, 5, 10, 11, 37, 38 are closed.

As shown in FIG. 7, at the fifth-stage transmission, the selectionvalves 2, 3, 6, 7, 10-16, 39, 40 are opened and the selection valves 1,4, 5, 8, 9, 37, 38 are closed. As the gear stage is increased, thenumber of operating hydraulic rotary machines is decreased to enablerapid running by means of high-speed rotation.

As shown in FIG. 8, if the transmission lever 160 is in a neutraltransmission position, the selection valves become a neutral statewherein the selection valves 2, 3, 5, 8-16, 37, 38 are opened and theselection valves 1, 4, 6, 7, 39, 40 are closed.

At this time, if the rearward running selection button 162 of thetransmission lever 160 is pressed, its locking state is released so thatthe transmission lever 160 may move to a rearward transmission position.if the transmission lever 160 is returned to the neutral transmissionposition from the rearward running transmission position, the rearwardrunning selection button 162 is automatically protruded out for locking.

As mentioned above, the transmission lever 160 may be moved from theneutral position to the rearward running transmission position on thetransmission control panel 190 only when the rearward running selectionbutton 162 is pressed. In addition, such a position change is inevitablefor rearward running of the vehicle.

As shown in FIG. 9, at the idle state for rearward running, theselection valves 1, 4, 5, 8-15 are opened and the selection valves 2, 3,6, 7, 16, 37-40 are closed. At this time, only the rotary pump 31 isrotated, but the rotary pump 58 and all hydraulic rotary machines arestopped, so the vehicle stops its operation.

As shown in FIG. 10, when the engine is stopped for stoppage or parking,the selection valves 6, 15 are opened and the selection valves 1-5,37-40, 16 are closed.

As mentioned above, the 4-wheel drive of the present invention may shiftgears automatically according to a running speed of the vehicle ormanually. Now, the procedure of automatic transmission is described withreference to FIG. 11 using the transmission control oil pressure gauge60.

That is to say, in FIG. 11, the contact points 62, 63 are electrodes,and the moving body 61 is an electric conductor.

If hydraulic pressure in the pipe 30 is increased as the load of vehicleincreases, the hydraulic pressure in the transmission control oilpressure gauge 60 is also increased to push up the moving body 61. Ifthe moving body 61 is pushed up to the contact points 63, the movingbody 61 electrically connects the contacts points 63 at both sides toallow flow of electricity. Then, the electric current is flowed to theelectronic control device to generate a signal for moving thetransmission lever 160 to a low-stage transmission position. Since Thetransmission lever 160 is automatically moved to a low-stagetransmission position, speed is slowed but power becomes stronger.

In addition, to the contrary, if the hydraulic pressure in thetransmission control oil pressure gauge 60 is decreased, the moving body61 moves down to connect the contact points 62 at both sides, soelectric current is flowed to the electronic control device, whichfunctions to move the transmission lever 160 to a high-stagetransmission position. Thus, the vehicle is operated more rapidly butthe driving power becomes weaker.

The present invention makes the gear shifting based on the aboveprinciple, and it is also possible that hydraulic pressure or load issensed using a spring in addition to the above.

If the moving body 61 moves according to the hydraulic pressure in thepipe 30, the electronic control device senses the movement of the movingbody 61 using the contact points 62, 63, which may be used as variablesfor changing speed. Thus, since the electronic control devicemanipulates the selection valves 1-16 depending on which contact points62, 63 are sensed, impact wave is generated due to instant gear shiftingwhenever the transmission work is conducted, so there is needed adamping means for absorbing the impact wave. Therefore, an impact wavedamping chamber 60 a that is a sealed air chamber is installed besidethe transmission control oil pressure gauge 60 between the selectionvalve 1 and the selection valve 2 so as to absorb the generated impactwaves.

Now, the procedure for manually shifting gears by manipulating thetransmission lever 160 as shown in FIG. 19 is described.

In order to shift gears by moving the transmission lever 160, a userselects a gear by moving the transmission lever 160 according to loadand speed of a vehicle like the existing manual transmission vehicle. Atthis time, the electronic control device recognizes position change ofthe transmission lever 160 and then controls opening and closing of theselection valves 1-16, 37-40.

At this time, the transmission procedure is conducted as mentionedabove.

Meanwhile, a manual and automatic transmission selection button 161 isprovided to the transmission lever 160 so as to select manualtransmission once the button 161 is pressed, and also select automatictransmission when the button 161 is pressed once more to be protrudedout. If the rearward running selection button 162 is pressed, thelocking is released so that the transmission lever 160 may be moved fromthe neutral position of the transmission control panel 190 to therearward running transmission position.

If the transmission lever 160 is moved to the rearward runningtransmission position as mentioned above, a user releases the brake andsteps on the accelerator, and then the rearward running is initiated.

In addition, if the transmission lever 160 is returned to the neutralposition from the rearward running transmission position, the rearwardrunning selection button 162 is automatically protruded out at the sametime.

Meanwhile, as shown in FIG. 20, when the brake is operating duringrunning in an automatic transmission state, the selection valves 2, 3,5, 8-16, 37-38 are opened and the selection valves 1, 4, 6, 7, 39-40 areclosed. At this time, the transmission lever 160 is in a neutraltransmission state.

If transmission is changed to the neutral state, fuel consumption issignificantly reduced. At any time that the vehicle is running orstopping in an automatic transmission state, the transmission is changedto the neutral state if the brake is stepped down.

In FIG. 21, when a vehicle is stopped in an automatic transmissionstate, all selection valves are closed.

FIG. 22 shows a neutral state, where the selection valves 1, 4, 6, 7,39, 40 are closed and the other valves are all opened.

In FIG. 23, if the rearward running selection button 162 is pressed, thelocking is released so that the transmission lever 160 may be moved fromthe neutral transmission position to the rearward running selectionposition.

In FIG. 24, though all selection valves are opened in a neutral state,among them, the selection valves 1, 4, 6, 7, 39, 40 are closed duringrunning.

In FIG. 25, though all selection valves are open in a high-stagetransmission neutral state, the selection valves 1, 4, 6, 7, 39, 40 areclosed among them during running.

In FIG. 26, when the transmission lever 160 is positioned in a neutraltransmission position of the transmission control panel 190, theselection valves 2, 3, 5, 8-16, 37, 38 are opened and the selectionvalves 1, 3, 6, 7, 39, 40 are closed.

FIG. 27 shows that the transmission lever 160 is positioned to therearward running selection position of the transmission control panel190. At this time, the selection valve 1, 4, 6-15, 39, 40 are opened andthe selection valves 2, 3, 5, 16, 37, 38 are closed.

FIG. 28 shows that the transmission lever 160 is positioned in afirst-stage transmission position of the transmission control panel 190.At this time, the selection valves 2, 3, 6-15, 39, 40 are opened and theselection valves 1, 4, 5, 16, 37, 38 are closed.

FIG. 29 shows that the transmission lever 160 is positioned in asecond-stage transmission position of the transmission control panel190.

If the transmission lever 160 is positioned in the second-stagetransmission position, the selection valves 2, 3, 6-13, 16, 39, 40 areopened and the selection valves 1, 4, 5, 14, 15, 37, 38 are closed.

In FIG. 30, if the transmission lever 160 is positioned in a third-stagetransmission position of the transmission control panel 190, theselection valves 2, 3, 6-11, 14-16, 39, 40 are opened and the selectionvalves 1, 4, 5, 12, 13, 37, 38 are closed.

FIG. 31 shows that the transmission lever 160 is positioned in afourth-stage transmission position of the transmission control panel190. In case of 4-wheel drive, the selection valves 2, 3, 6-9, 12-16,39, 40 are opened and the selection valves 1, 4, 5, 10, 11, 37, 38 areclosed.

FIG. 32 shows that the transmission lever 160 is positioned in afifth-stage transmission position of the transmission control panel 190.The selection valves 2, 3, 6, 7, 10-16, 39, 40 are opened and theselection valves 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 37, 38 are closed.

As shown in FIG. 32, if the transmission lever 160 is positioned in ahigh-stage transmission position of the transmission control panel 190during running, the selection valves 2, 3, 5, 8-16, 37-40 are opened andthe selection valves 1, 4, 6, 7 are all closed.

Now, a 4-wheel drive according to another embodiment of the presentinvention will be described in detail.

That is to say, FIGS. 34 to 75 are related to a transmission thatoperates as a 15-stage transmission by installing five hydraulic rotarymachines 32-36.

At this time, a liquid inhaling volume of the rotary machine 32 isidentical to a liquid discharging volume of the rotary pump 31, a liquidinhaling volume of the rotary machine 33 is two times of a liquiddischarging volume of the rotary pump 31, a liquid inhaling volume ofthe rotary machine 34 is three times of a liquid discharging volume ofthe rotary pump 31, a liquid inhaling volume of the rotary machine 35 isfour times of a liquid discharging volume of the rotary pump 31, and aliquid inhaling volume of the rotary machine 36 is five times of aliquid discharging volume of the rotary pump 31.

Thus, if the rotary pump 31 rotates the rotary machine 32, speed andpower of the rotary machine 32 are identical to those of the rotary pump31, but when the rotary machine 33 is rotated using a dischargedhydraulic pressure of the rotary pump 31, speed is ½ and power is twotimes, and when the rotary machine 34 is rotated using a dischargedhydraulic pressure of the rotary pump 31, speed is ⅓ and power is threetimes, when the rotary machine 35 is rotated using a dischargedhydraulic pressure of the rotary pump 31, speed is ¼ and power is fourtimes, and when the rotary machine 36 is rotated using a dischargedhydraulic pressure of the rotary pump 31, speed is ⅕ and power is fivetimes, and when the rotary machines 33, 35 are rotated at the same timeusing a discharged hydraulic pressure of the rotary pump 31, speed is ⅙and power is six times, and when the rotary machines 33, 36 are rotatedat the same time using a discharged hydraulic pressure of the rotarypump 31, speed is 1/7 and power is seven times, and when the rotarymachines 34, 36 is rotated using a discharged hydraulic pressure of therotary pump 31, speed is ⅛ and power is eight times, and when the rotarymachines 35, 36 are rotated at the same time using a dischargedhydraulic pressure of the rotary pump 31, speed is 1/9 and power is ninetimes, and when the rotary machines 33, 34, 36 are rotated at the sametime using a discharged hydraulic pressure of the rotary pump 31, speedis 1/10 and power is ten times, and when the rotary machines 33, 35, 36are rotated at the same time using a discharged hydraulic pressure ofthe rotary pump 31, speed is 1/11 and power is eleven times, and whenthe rotary machines 34, 35, 36 are rotated at the same time using adischarged hydraulic pressure of the rotary pump 31, speed is 1/12 andpower is twelve times, and when the rotary machines 32, 34, 35, 36 arerotated at the same time using a discharged hydraulic pressure of therotary pump 31, speed is 1/13 and power is thirteen times, and when therotary machines 33, 34, 35, 36 are rotated at the same time using adischarged hydraulic pressure of the rotary pump 31, speed is 1/14 andpower is fourteen times, and when the rotary machines 32, 33, 34, 35, 36are rotated at the same time using a discharged hydraulic pressure ofthe rotary pump 31, speed is 1/15 and power is fifteen times.

As mentioned above, even the small number of hydraulic rotary machines32-36 may reduce speed significantly and increase power awfully.

It will be described below in more detail.

FIG. 34 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in an idle state. At this time, theliquid selection valves 1, 4, 6-15 are closed and the other liquidselection valves are all opened.

FIG. 35 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a first forward stage. At thistime, the liquid selection valves 1, 4, 5, 16, 37, 38 are closed and theother liquid selection valves are all opened.

FIG. 36 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a first rearward stage. At thistime, the liquid selection valves 2, 3, 5, 16, 37, 38 are opened and theother liquid selection valves are closed.

FIG. 37 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a second forward stage. At thistime, the liquid selection valves 2, 3, 8, 9, 16, 6 a, 7 a, 10 a-15 a,39, 40 are opened and the liquid selection valves 1, 4, 5-7, 10-15, 8 a,9 a, 37, 38 are closed.

FIG. 38 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a third forward stage. At thistime, the liquid selection valves 2, 3, 10, 11, 16, 6 a-9 a, 12 a-15 a,39, 40 are opened and the liquid selection valves 1, 4, 5, 6-9, 12-15,10 a, 11 a, 37, 38 are closed.

FIG. 39 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a fourth forward stage. At thistime, the liquid selection valves 2, 3, 12, 13, 16, 6 a-11 a, 14 a, 15a, 39, 40 are opened and the liquid selection valves 1, 4, 5, 6-11, 14,15, 12 a, 13 a, 37, 38 are closed.

FIG. 40 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a fifth forward stage. At thistime, the liquid selection valves 2, 3, 14, 15, 16, 6 a-13 a, 39, 40 areopened and the liquid selection valves 1, 4, 5, 6-13, 14 a, 15 a, 37, 38are closed.

FIG. 41 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a sixth forward stage. At thistime, the liquid selection valves 2, 3, 6, 7, 14-16, 8 a-13 a, 39, 40are opened and the liquid selection valves 1, 4, 5, 8-13, 6 a, 7 a, 14a, 15 a, 37, 38 are closed.

FIG. 42 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a seventh forward stage. At thistime, the liquid selection valves 2, 3, 8, 9, 14-16, 6 a, 7 a, 10 a-13a, 39, 40 are opened and the liquid selection valves 1, 4, 5, 6, 7,10-13, 8 a, 9 a, 14 a, 15 a, 37, 38 are closed.

FIG. 43 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a eighth forward stage. At thistime, the liquid selection valves 2, 3, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 6 a-9 a, 12a, 13 a, 39, 40 are opened and the liquid selection valves 1, 4, 5, 6-9,12, 13, 10 a, 11 a, 14 a, 15 a, 37, 38 are closed.

FIG. 44 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a ninth forward stage. At thistime, the liquid selection valves 2, 3, 12-16, 6 a-11 a, 39, 40 areopened and the liquid selection valves 1, 4, 5, 6-11, 12 a-15 a, 37, 38are closed.

FIG. 45 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a tenth forward stage. At thistime, the liquid selection valves 2, 3, 6, 7, 12-15, 8 a-11 a, 16, 39,40 are opened and the liquid selection valves 1, 4, 5, 8-11, 6 a, 7 a,12 a-15 a, 37, 38 are closed.

FIG. 46 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a eleventh forward stage. At thistime, the liquid selection valves 2, 3, 8, 9, 12-16, 6 a, 7 a, 10 a, 11a, 39, 40 are opened and the liquid selection valves 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10,11, 8 a, 9 a, 12 a-15 a, 37, 38 are closed.

FIG. 47 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a twelfth forward stage. At thistime, the liquid selection valves 2, 3, 10-16, 6 a-9 a, 39, 40 areopened and the liquid selection valves 1, 4, 5, 6-9, 10 a-15 a, 37, 38are closed.

FIG. 48 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a thirteenth forward stage. Atthis time, the liquid selection valves 2, 3, 6, 7, 10-16, 8 a, 9 a, 39,40 are opened and the liquid selection valves 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 6 a, 7 a,10 a-15 a, 37, 38 are closed.

FIG. 49 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a fourteenth forward stage. Atthis time, the liquid selection valves 2, 3, 8-16, 6 a, 7 a, 39, 40 areopened and the liquid selection valves 1, 4-7, 8 a-15 a, 37, 38 areclosed.

FIG. 50 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a fifteenth forward stage. Atthis time, the liquid selection valves 2, 3, 6-16, 39, 40 are opened andthe liquid selection valves 1, 4, 5, 6 a-15 a, 37 38 are closed.

FIG. 51 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention when a brake is in operation duringrunning. At this time, the liquid selection valves 2, 3, 5, 16, 6 a-15a, 37, 38 are opened and the liquid selection valves 1, 4, 5, 6-15, 39,40 are closed.

FIG. 52 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in an idle state during rearwardrunning. At this time, the liquid selection valves 1, 4, 5, 6 a-15 a areopened and the liquid selection valves 2, 3, 6-16, 37-40 are closed.

FIG. 53 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention when an engine stops for stoppage orparking. At this time, the liquid selection valves 6-15, 6 a-15 a areopened and the liquid selection valves 1-5, 16, 37-40 are closed.

FIG. 54 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a neutral state. At this time,the liquid selection valves 2, 3, 5, 16, 6 a-15 a, 37, 38 are opened andthe liquid selection valves 1, 4, 6-15, 39, 40 are closed.

FIG. 55 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention when a rearward running selectionbutton is selected. At this time, the liquid selection valves 1, 4, 5, 6a-15 a are opened and the liquid selection valves 2, 3, 6-16, 37-40 areclosed.

FIG. 56 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a neutral state during running.At this time, the liquid selection valves 2, 3, 5, 16, 6 a-15 a, 37, 38are opened and the liquid selection valves 1, 4, 6-15, 39, 40 areclosed.

FIG. 57 is a schematic view showing a 4-wheel drive according to anotherembodiment of the present invention in a high-stage transmission neutralstate during running. At this time, the liquid selection valves 2, 3, 5,16, 6 a-15 a, 37, 38 are opened and the liquid selection valves 1, 4,6-15, 39, 40 are closed.

FIG. 58 is a side and front view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a neutral position according to thepresent invention. At this time, the liquid selection valves 2, 3, 5,16, 6 a-15 a, 37, 38 are opened and the liquid selection valves 1, 4,6-15, 39, 40 are closed.

FIG. 59 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a rearward transmission positionaccording to the present invention. At this time, the liquid selectionvalves 1, 4, 5, 6 a-15 a are opened and the liquid selection valves 2,3, 6-16, 37-40 are closed.

FIG. 60 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a first-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention. At this time, the liquid selectionvalves 2, 3, 6-15, 39, 40 are opened and the liquid selection valves 1,4, 5, 16, 37, 38 are closed.

FIG. 61 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a second-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention. At this time, the liquid selectionvalves 2, 3, 8, 9, 16, 6 a, 7 a, 10 a-15 a, 39, 40 are opened and theliquid selection valves 1, 4, 5-7, 10-15, 8 a, 9 a, 37, 38 are closed.

FIG. 62 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a third-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention. At this time, the liquid selectionvalves 2, 3, 16, 10, 11, 6 a-9 a, 12 a-15 a, 39, 40 are opened and theliquid selection valves 1, 4, 5, 6-9, 12-15, 10 a, 11 a, 37, 38 areclosed.

FIG. 63 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a fourth-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention. At this time, the liquid selectionvalves 2, 3, 12, 13, 16, 6 a-11 a, 14 a, 15 a, 39, 40 are opened and theliquid selection valves 1, 4, 5, 6-11, 14, 15, 12 a, 13 a, 37, 38 reclosed.

FIG. 64 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a fifth-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention. At this time, the liquid selectionvalves 2, 3, 14, 15, 16, 6 a-13 a, 39, 40 are opened and the liquidselection valves 1, 4, 5, 6-13, 14 a, 15 a, 37, 38 are closed.

FIG. 65 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a sixth-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention. At this time, the liquid selectionvalves 2, 3, 6, 7, 14-16, 8 a-13 a, 39, 40 are opened and the liquidselection valves 1, 4, 5, 8-13, 6 a, 7 a, 14 a, 15 a, 37, 38 are closed.

FIG. 66 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a seventh-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention. At this time, the liquid selectionvalves 2, 3, 8, 9, 14-16, 6 a, 7 a, 10 a-13 a, 39, 40 are opened and theliquid selection valves 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10-13, 8 a, 9 a, 14 a, 15 a, 37,38 are closed.

FIG. 67 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a eighth-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention. At this time, the liquid selectionvalves 2, 3, 10, 14, 15, 16, 6 a-9 a, 12 a, 13 a, 39, 40 are opened andthe liquid selection valves 1, 4-9, 12, 13, 10 a, 11 a, 14 a, 15 a, 37,38 are closed.

FIG. 68 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a ninth-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention. At this time, the liquid selectionvalves 2, 3, 12-16, 6 a-11 a, 39, 40 are opened and the liquid selectionvalves 1, 4, 5, 6-11, 12 a-15 a, 37, 38 are closed.

FIG. 69 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a tenth-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention. At this time, the liquid selectionvalves 2, 3, 6, 7, 12-16, 8 a-11 a, 39, 40 are opened and the liquidselection valves 1, 4, 5, 8-11, 6 a, 7 a, 12 a-15 a, 37, 38 are closed.

FIG. 70 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a eleventh-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention. At this time, the liquid selectionvalves 2, 3, 8, 9, 12-16, 6 a, 7 a, 10 a, 11 a, 39, 40 are opened andthe liquid selection valves 1, 4, 5-7, 10, 11, 8 a, 9 a, 12 a-15 a, 37,38 are closed.

FIG. 71 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a twelfth-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention. At this time, the liquid selectionvalves 2, 3, 10-16, 6 a-9 a, 39, 40 are opened and the liquid selectionvalves 1, 4-9, 10 a-15 a, 37, 38 are closed.

FIG. 72 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a thirteenth-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention. At this time, the liquid selectionvalves 2, 3, 6, 7, 10-16, 8 a, 9 a, 39, 40 are opened and the liquidselection valves 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 6 a, 7 a, 10 a-15 a, 37, 38 are closed.

FIG. 73 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a fourteenth-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention. At this time, the liquid selectionvalves 2, 3, 8-16, 6 a, 7 a, 39, 40 are opened and the liquid selectionvalves 1, 4-7, 8 a-15 a, 37, 38 are closed.

FIG. 74 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a fifteenth-stage transmission positionaccording to the present invention. At this time, the liquid selectionvalves 2, 3, 6-16, 39, 40 are opened and the liquid selection valves 1,4, 5, 6 a-15 a, 37, 38 are closed.

FIG. 75 is a side and plane view showing a transmission control panelwhose transmission lever is in a high-stage transmission neutralposition according to the present invention. At this time, the liquidselection valves 2, 3, 5, 16, 6 a-15 a, 37, 38 are opened and the liquidselection valves 1, 4, 6-15, 39, 40 are closed.

Meanwhile, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 76, a centerportion of a steering wheel 180 is fixed and the transmission controlpanel 190 is mounted to a right portion thereof. In addition, an air-bag191 is mounted in the center portion, and a cap of the air-bag is usedas a horn button 194. Moreover, on its outline, various buttons requiredfor driving are installed for convenient use. This will be describedbelow in more detail.

The center portion of the steering wheel 180 is fixed, and thetransmission control panel 190 is mounted to the right of the centerportion, thereby giving convenience to a driver to the maximum. Inaddition, the steering wheel 180 is integrated with an outer cylinder192 at the center portion. Thus, if the steering wheel 180 is rotated,the outer cylinder 192 is also rotated to change a direction of thevehicle.

In addition, as shown in FIGS. 26 to 33, if a rearward runningtransmission cylindrical pillar 170 (or, an angular pillar) and a stick166 of the transmission lever 160 are connected, electric current flowsinto the electronic control device to open or close the selection valvesrequired for rearward running. If the stick 166 of the transmissionlever 160 is connected to a neutral position, electric current flowsinto the electronic control device to open or close selection valvesrequired for neutral.

If a first-stage transmission cylindrical pillar 172 (or, an angularpillar) is connected to the stick 166 of the transmission lever 160,electric current flows into the electronic control device to open orclose selection valves required for first-stage transmission, and if asecond-stage transmission cylindrical pillar 173 (or, an angular pillar)is connected to the stick 166 of the transmission lever 160, electriccurrent flows into the electronic control device to open or closeselection valves required for second-stage transmission, and if asecond-stage transmission cylindrical pillar 173 (or, an angular pillar)is connected to the stick 166 of the transmission lever 160, electriccurrent flows into the electronic control device to open or closeselection valves required for second-stage transmission, and if athird-stage transmission cylindrical pillar 174 (or, an angular pillar)is connected to the stick 166 of the transmission lever 160, electriccurrent flows into the electronic control device to open or closeselection valves required for third-stage transmission, and if afourth-stage transmission cylindrical pillar 175 (or, an angular pillar)is connected to the stick 166 of the transmission lever 160, electriccurrent flows into the electronic control device to open or closeselection valves required for fourth-stage transmission, and if afifth-stage transmission cylindrical pillar 176 (or, an angular pillar)is connected to the stick 166 of the transmission lever 160, electriccurrent flows into the electronic control device to open or closeselection valves required for fifth-stage transmission.

If a high-stage transmission neutral cylindrical pillar 177 (or, anangular pillar) is connected to the stick 166 of the transmission lever160, electric current flows into the electronic control device to openor close selection valves required for high-stage neutral transmission.

FIG. 77 is an expanded view showing the transmission control panel 190mounted to the center portion of the steering wheel 180, where variousbuttons, the air-bag mounted therein and the horn button mounted theretoare expressed.

Now, the center portion of the steering wheel 180 as shown in FIG. 77will be described.

The steering wheel 180 is integrated with the outer cylinder 192 towhich the steering wheel 180 is fixed. Thus, if the steering wheel 180is rotated, the outer cylinder 192 is also rotated to change a directionof vehicle. On the outline of the center portion, various buttons forhorn, clearance lamp, head light, room lamp, air conditioner, wipers,turn signal lamp, emergency brake and so on are provided for convenientuse.

Here, the emergency brake will be described in more detail.

The present invention includes an emergency brake system forfacilitating safe driving. If a brake pedal is stepped to contact withthe bottom at breakage or malfunction, an emergency brake buttoninstalled on the bottom of the brake pedal is pressed. In other case, anemergency brake button 186 installed on the outline of the centerportion of the steering wheel 180 is pressed. Then, the selection valves2, 3, 5, 8-16, 37, 38 are opened and the other selection valves are allclosed so that the transmission acts as a brake to stop the vehicle,which allows a user to drive the vehicle in a safer way.

In addition, a brake pipe is doubly mounted in the present invention,so, if either of them is broken down, the electronic control devicesenses it and then closes the valves previously installed to theproximal and distal portions of the broken pipe. Then, the other pipenot broken down still allows the transmission to give a function ofbrake.

Meanwhile, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 81, when the brakepedal 510 is stepped down, a master cylinder 500 is operated to drivethe brake device 520. At this time, if the brake pedal 510 is released,the master cylinder 500 does not drive the brake device 520 to bereleased, so the vehicle may be pushed down on a slope. Thus, in thepresent invention, a liquid pressing device 530 is installed in parallelto the master cylinder 500 so that a liquid pressing device 530 operatesthe master cylinder 500 to drive the brake device 520. Thus, the vehicleis not pushed on a slope and may start easily thereon.

The liquid pressing device 530 of the present invention is controlled bythe electronic control device 540. The electronic control device 540senses a rotational speed of the vehicle engine, a stepped degree of thebrake pedal 510, stoppage and starting of the vehicle and so on, andthen allows the liquid pressing device 530 to drive the master cylinder500. If the vehicle is not moving and the engine is operating, theliquid pressing device 530 is operated to drive the brake, and the brakeis released from the point that the rotational speed of the enginestarts increasing from the minimum speed.

However, at starting the vehicle, though the rotational speed of theengine is increased, the brake is not released, while the brake isreleased if the rotational speed of the engine is increased after theengine encompasses its minimum rotational speed.

Thus, when a vehicle starts on a slope after stoppage, the brake isunder operation since the engine is in a minimum rotating state, while,after the accelerator pedal is stepped down, the vehicle starts movingwith the brake released since the rotational speed of the engine isincreased. Accordingly, the vehicle may start moving without being slidback.

Meanwhile, the air-bag is mounted in the left of the center portion ofthe steering wheel 180, and its cap is used as a horn button. Inaddition, the transmission control panel 190 is mounted to the right ofthe center portion so that the transmission control panel 190 may bemoved in a convenient and easy way to shift gears.

As shown in FIG. 78, the steering device is composed in the order of thesteering wheel 180, a center portion 195 of the steering wheel, asteering shaft 196, a gear unit 310 of the steering shaft, and asteering column 319. In steering, the rotation of the steering wheel 180is transmitted to the front wheels via the gear unit 310 of the steeringshaft in the above order, thereby steering the vehicle.

In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 79, when the steering wheel180 is turned to change a direction of the vehicle, the steering shaft196 positioned on the extension line of the outer cylinder 192 to whichthe steering wheel 180 is fixed is rotated, and thus a gear 313installed to the steering shaft 196 is rotated, also rotating a gear 316engaged with the gear 313, thereby rotating a gear 315 engaged with thegear 316, thereby rotating a gear 318 engaged with the gear 315,resultantly rotating a steering shaft 312 fixed to the gear 318 so thatfront wheels are steered to change an advancing direction of thevehicle.

At this time, an inner cylinder 193 adjacent to the outer cylinder 192to which the steering wheel 180 is fixed is integrally connected to aninner cylindrical pillar 311. This inner cylindrical pillar 311 isintegrally connected to a case 314. This case 314 is firmly fixed to avehicle body 322.

Since the case 314 is fixed to the vehicle body 322, the innercylindrical pillar 311 does not rotate, and accordingly the innercylinder 311 is not rotated. Thus, the center portion 195 of thesteering wheel 180 is fixed as mentioned above.

Thus, on the center portion 195 of the steering wheel 180, the air-bag191, the horn button 194, various buttons 181-189 and other necessarybuttons may be installed in addition to the transmission control panel190. In addition, other important equipments may also be mountedthereto.

By using the above configuration, a user may shift gears in a rapid andconvenient way and manipulate equipments attached thereto while thevehicle is running, thereby ensuring safer driving.

On occasions, all switches mounted in the steering column 319 may bemoved to the center portion 195 of the steering wheel 180. In this case,the steering column 319 may not be installed to the steering shaft 312.

However, if the steering column 319 is still required due to the habitof drivers, the steering column 319 is installed to the steering shaft312, and the same switches are doubly installed to the center portion195 of the steering wheel 180.

In addition, wires 320 connected to various equipments and buttonsinstalled on the center portion 195 of the steering wheel are connectedto the power source together with the electronic control device via apassage 325 between the outer cylinder 192 and the inner cylinder 193.

As shown in FIG. 80, when the steering wheel 180 is rotated forsteering, namely for changing a direction of vehicle, the outer cylinder192 fixed to the steering wheel 180 is rotated, thus rotating a gear 318mounted to the distal portion of the outer cylinder 192, therebyrotating a gear 315 connected thereto, thereby rotating the steeringshaft 312 fixed thereto, thereby steering the front wheels to change arunning direction of the vehicle.

At this time, the inner cylinder 193 adjacent to the steering wheel 180is integrally connected to the inner cylindrical pillar 311, and theinner cylindrical pillar 311 is fixed to the vehicle body 322 via aplate 401 installed thereto by using bolts 323 and nuts 324 so that theinner cylindrical pillar 311 may not rotate.

By using such configuration, the center portion 195 of the steeringwheel is fixed not to rotate.

In addition, the wires 320 of electric equipments installed to thecenter portion 195 of the steering wheel are guided out through theinside of the inner cylindrical pillar 311, and then connected to theelectronic control device and the power source, not shown.

In addition, an outermost cylinder 400 is covered to protect thesteering shaft 312.

By using such configuration, the plate 401 provided above the outermostcylinder 400 is fixed to the vehicle body 322 by bolts 323 and nuts 324so as to fix the steering wheel 180 and the steering shaft 312 not tomove.

As mentioned above, the present invention opens and closes the selectionvalves as required for desired gear shifting to make forward or rearwardrunning or each stage transmission, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 10. Atthis time, as the number of operating hydraulic rotary machines 32-36 isdecreased, the driving force of the main shaft 100 is deteriorated andthe rotational speed is increased rather than the case that allhydraulic rotary machines 32-36 are operating.

In addition, since the present invention presses liquid to a highpressure and moves it in pipes, heat is generated while the liquid ismoving. The heat generated at this time should be preferably lowered bymeans of air-cooling, but if much heat is generated, water-cooling ispreferably used to lower the temperature of liquid.

In addition, when the transmission control panel 190 is to be moved to aneutral state, the present invention closes the selection valves 1, 4,6, 7 and opens all of the other valves.

Thus, if load of vehicle is decreased on a declined slope or due toinertia of the vehicle due to the above phenomenon, hydraulic pressurein the pipe 30 is decreased. If the hydraulic pressure in thetransmission control oil pressure gauge 60 is decreased accordingly, themoving body 61 moves down to connect the contact points 62 at bothsides, so the transmission lever 160 is moved to a high-stagetransmission position by the electronic control device.

Therefore, if the hydraulic pressure in the transmission control oilpressure gauge 60 is still low and the moving body 61 keeps connectingthe contact points 62 though the transmission lever 160 is moved to thehighest-stage transmission position, the electronic control device movesthe transmission lever 160 to a high-stage transmission neutralposition.

If the transmission lever 160 is moved to a high-stage transmissionneutral position, the transmission is automatically shifted to ahigh-stage transmission neutral state by the electronic control device,closing the selection valves 1, 4, 6, 7 and opening all of the othervalves.

Meanwhile, if hydraulic pressure in the transmission control oilpressure gauge 60 is increased and the moving body 61 moves up to thecontact points 63, the contact points 63 are connected to each other andthe electronic control device moves the transmission lever 160 to alow-stage transmission position.

By means of the above functions, in case the vehicle is running fast andthe transmission is in a high-stage transmission neutral state, if theengine rotates at a lowest speed without the accelerator stepped, fuelconsumption becomes reduced.

In addition, if the neutral button 163 installed to the transmissionlever 160 is pressed, the neutral state is initiated in any transmissionstate. At this time, the selection valves 1, 4, 6, 7, 39, 40 are closedand the other selection valves are all opened. If the neutral button 163is pressed once more, the button returns to its original condition andthe initial state is released as before the neutral valve 163 ispressed.

Meanwhile, in case that the brake is stepped during running to stop thevehicle, as shown in FIG. 8, the selection valves 2, 3, 5, 8-16, 37, 38are opened and the selection valves 1, 4, 6, 7, 39, 40 are closed sothat the liquid pressed by the rotary pumps 31, 58 is not flowed intothe hydraulic rotary machines 32-36, 75-78. In case that the vehicledoes not stop but keeps running when the brake is stepped, the hydraulicrotary machines 32-36, 75-78 becomes idle due to the running so thatrotating power is not transmitted to the shaft 100 when the brake isstepped, thereby reducing a distance required for stopping.

Meanwhile, the present invention makes a vehicle running by installingthe hydraulic rotary machines to each of front and rear wheels. Thus, ifthe front and rear wheels are driven using the hydraulic rotarymachines, there is no need of using a differential gear, therebysimplifying structure and not generating any noise when gears areshifted.

In addition, the rotary pump employed in the present invention may beused as a water pump, a water supplier, an oil supplier, an air blowerand so on, and the hydraulic rotary machine may be used as a water powerrotating machine instead of a water wheel for a water power plant aswell as a gas power rotating machine instead of a gas turbine for a gaspower plant. Moreover, the principle of the rotary pump may be appliedin manufacturing a rotary engine that is an internal combustion engine.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present invention connects the hydraulic rotary machines to theshaft of a vehicle in parallel and then selects flow of the pressedliquid introduced to the hydraulic rotary machines by using theselection valves so that gears are shifted according to a running load,wherein 4-wheel driving capable of automatic and manual transmission isenabled, a neutral state may be obtained in any event during running,automatic and manual manipulation is possible by means of a simplestructure using the hydraulic rotary machines and the selection valves,reliable power transmission is ensured with a simple structure, andbreakdown and costs are reduced.

In addition, the present invention fixes the center portion of thesteering wheel not to rotate and installs the transmission control panelthereto so that the transmission lever may be instantly moved front andrear in a very convenient and easy way to shift gears.

In addition, the present invention is characterized in that variousbuttons such as a horn button, a near view head light button, a far viewheadlight button, a direction lamp button, an emergency lamp button, anair conditioner button, a wiper button, a clearance lamp button and anemergency brake button are installed to the outline of the fixed centerportion of the steering wheel.

In addition, the present invention facilitates safe driving by providingthe emergency brake system, wherein if a brake pedal is stepped tocontact with the bottom at breakage or malfunction, an emergency brakebutton installed on the bottom of the brake pedal is pressed, or anemergency brake button installed on the outline of the center portion ofthe steering wheel is pressed so that the selection valves 2, 3, 5 areopened and the other selection valves are all closed to make thetransmission act as a brake to stop the vehicle. In addition, since abrake pipe is doubly mounted in the present invention, if either of themis broken down, the electronic control device senses it and then closesthe valves previously installed to the proximal and distal portions ofthe broken pipe, while the other pipe not broken down still allows thetransmission to give a function of brake.

Meanwhile, the present invention installs the liquid pressing device 530in parallel to the master cylinder 500 so that the liquid pressingdevice 530 operates the master cylinder 500 to drive the brake device520, whereby the brake is in operation when the vehicle is stopped, butthe brake is released front the instant that the vehicle starts beingaccelerated in a minimum rotating state.

In addition, the present invention is configured so that the brake isreleased when the rotational speed of the engine is increased after theengine encompasses its minimum rotational speed, whereby, when a vehiclestarts on a slope after stoppage, the brake is under operation since theengine is in a minimum rotating state, while, after the acceleratorpedal is stepped down, the vehicle starts moving with the brake releasedsince the rotational speed of the engine is increased so that thevehicle may start moving without being slid back.

1. A 4-wheel drive of a hydraulic manual and automatic transmission,comprising: a rotary pump rotating a rotator eccentrically mounted in acylinder by means of rotation of a shaft connected to a rotation powerof a vehicle engine so that a perfect circular front end of a wing madeof slide material and installed to a wing hole rotates an inner wall ofa perfect circular cylinder in close contact to discharge a liquid froman inlet hole to an outlet hole by pressure; a hydraulic rotary machinereceiving the liquid from the rotary pump through a pipe and having thesame configuration as the rotary pump connected to a main shaft inparallel in multi stages; a rotary pump installed to the main shaftrotating by means of the hydraulic rotary machine to discharge liquid bymeans of the rotation of the main shaft by pressure; hydraulic rotarymachines respectively installed to front and rear wheel shafts so as toreceive the pressed liquid from the rotary pump through a pipe androtate front and rear wheels; a pipe installed to recover a liquidpressed in the rotary pump via the hydraulic rotary machines; aplurality of liquid selection valves installed to the pipe in multistages and regulating flow of the liquid introduced to the hydraulicrotary machine; a transmission control oil pressure gauge for sensingliquid pressure in the pipe; an impact damping chamber for absorbingimpact wave generated during gear shifting, and a liquid container forcontrolling surplus and shortage of liquid; and an electronic controldevice for sensing liquid pressure of the transmission control oilpressure gauge or change of a transmission lever to control opening orclosing of the liquid selection valves.
 2. The 4-wheel drive of ahydraulic manual and automatic transmission according to claim 1,wherein the rotary pump is configured so that the eccentric rotatorrotates the wing with being completely adhered to the inside of thecylinder to rotate the shaft, and wherein a space (A) is formed in anupper portion of the cylinder so that liquid is not compressed butdischarged when the wing is rotating.
 3. The 4-wheel drive of ahydraulic manual and automatic transmission according to claim 1,wherein the liquid discharged by the rotating rotator rotated by enginepower rotates the multi-stage hydraulic rotary machine installed to themain shaft via the pipe so that the front and rear wheels are driven,wherein a rotary pump for 4-wheel drive is installed to a rear end ofthe main shaft, wherein the hydraulic rotary machines are installed tothe front and rear wheel shafts to rotate the front and rear wheels, andthe hydraulic rotary machines are rotated by means of liquid pressed bythe rotary pump, and wherein, between the hydraulic rotary machines andthe rotary pumps for driving the front and rear wheels, a pipe forsupplying and recovering liquid and a liquid selection valve forregulating liquid flow by control of the electronic control device areinstalled.
 4. The 4-wheel drive of a hydraulic manual and automatictransmission according to claim 1, wherein a moving body moves up anddown in the pipe through which the liquid pressed by the rotary pump isflowing, by means of pressure of the liquid, wherein there is provided atransmission control oil pressure gauge installed for sensing positionof the moving body by using a contact point, and wherein the electroniccontrol device recognizes a sensing result of the transmission controloil pressure gauge and then regulates opening and closing of the liquidselection valves.
 5. The 4-wheel drive of a hydraulic manual andautomatic transmission according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulicrotary machines are independently installed to the front and rear wheelsof a vehicle so that the front and rear wheels are independently rotatedby means of the rotation of the hydraulic rotary machines without adif-ferential gear.
 6. The 4-wheel drive of a hydraulic manual andautomatic transmission according to claim 1, wherein a transmissioncontrol panel for controlling gear shifting through the electroniccontrol device capable of all gear shifting in an electronic way isfixed to a center portion of the steering wheel not to rotate, wherein atransmission lever installed to the transmission control panel isauto-matically or manually moved to shift gears, and wherein a switchbutton for manipulation is installed to an outer line of the centerportion of the steering wheel.
 7. The 4-wheel drive of a hydraulicmanual and automatic transmission according to claim 1, wherein a brakepipe having liquid selection valves is doubly installed to proximal anddistal portions, wherein an emergency brake button is installed to abrake pedal, a bottom and a center portion of the steering wheel so thata sudden stop is made when the emergency brake button is pressed, andwherein the electronic control device senses breakage of any brake pipeand then closes the liquid selection valves of the corresponding brakepipe.
 8. The 4-wheel drive of a hydraulic manual and automatictransmission according to claim 1, wherein the rotary pump and theliquid rotary machine include rotator and wing acting as a cylinder anda piston, and a lining device elastically supported by a spring to thewing at both sides of the rotator that is rotated in close contact withthe rotating wing to ensure high efficiency in introducing, compressingand discharging the liquid.
 9. The 4-wheel drive of a hydraulic manualand automatic transmission according to claim 6, wherein the steeringwheel includes: a center portion to which a fixed transmission controlpanel, a switch button and a safety air-bag are installed; a steeringshaft gear unit for connecting the steering wheel and its rotation to asteering shaft; and a steering shaft for transmitting the rotation ofthe steering wheel to the front wheels via the steering shaft gear unit.10. The 4-wheel drive of a hydraulic manual and automatic transmissionaccording to claim 9, wherein an inner cylindrical pillar extended fromthe center portion of the steering wheel to which the transmissioncontrol panel, the plurality of switch buttons and the safety air-bagare installed is fixed to a bottom of a vehicle body, wherein wiresconnected to the transmission control panel and the switch buttons areguided to connect to the electronic control device via an inside of theinner cylindrical pillar, wherein an outer cylinder extended from thesteering wheel is positioned around the inner cylindrical pillar andtransmits rotation of the steering wheel to a steering shaft by means ofgears mounted thereto, and wherein an outermost cylinder is positionedaround the outer cylinder and fixed to the vehicle body.
 11. The 4-wheeldrive of a hydraulic manual and automatic transmission according toclaim 1, wherein the rotary pump and the hydraulic rotary machine areconfigured so that the wings are coupled to a main shaft installedtherein, wherein teeth are formed on the main shaft so that teethgrooves are formed in one wing is formed to be engaged with the teethand the other wing is inserted to the teeth of the main shaft fromoutside to be freely rotatable.
 12. The 4-wheel drive of a hydraulicmanual and automatic transmission according to claim 1, wherein therotary pump and the hydraulic rotary machine are configured so that thewings are coupled to a main shaft installed therein, wherein teeth areformed in an inner side of one wing ring to be engaged with teethgrooves formed on a surface of the main shaft and circular grooves areformed on the other wing ring to be engaged to the main shaft fromoutside to be free rotatable.
 13. The 4-wheel drive of a hydraulicmanual and automatic transmission according to claim 11, wherein twowings inserted to the main shaft in the cylinder are coupled to lowerportions of inlet and outlet holes of the cylinder so that lower portionof the wings are approached to each other with a predetermined angle.14. The 4-wheel drive of a hydraulic manual and automatic transmissionaccording to claim 13, wherein a space (A) is formed in an upper portionof the cylinder toward the outlet hole so that liquid is not pressed bythe wing.
 15. A 4-wheel drive of a hydraulic manual and automatictransmission, which drives a brake device by operating a master cylinderby means of a brake pedal the 4-wheel drive comprising: a hydraulicpressing device connected to the master cylinder in parallel so as tosupply hydraulic pressure to drive the master cylinder; and anelectronic control device for sensing an engine speed, a stop state, anengine start and an accelerating state of a vehicle to operate thehydraulic pressure device.
 16. The 4-wheel drive of a hydraulic manualand automatic transmission according to claim 12, wherein two wingsinserted to the main shaft in the cylinder are coupled to lower portionsof inlet and outlet holes of the cylinder so that lower portion of thewings are approached to each other with a predetermined angle.